National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

Which of the following defines a mood disorder?

1. A condition involving excessive happiness

2. A pathological elevated or depressed disturbance of mood

3. A passing feeling of sadness

4. A straightforward emotional response

The correct answer is: A pathological elevated or depressed disturbance of mood

A mood disorder is characterized by significant and persistent disturbances in a person’s emotional state that affect their overall functioning. The correct choice outlines this condition accurately, highlighting that it involves pathological (or abnormal) changes that result in either elevated or depressed moods. This definition encapsulates the essence of mood disorders, which include conditions such as depression and bipolar disorder, where individuals experience substantial and sustained mood fluctuations that severely impact their daily lives. The other options do not align with this definition. While excessive happiness might be a symptom of certain mood disorders, it does not constitute a disorder in itself. A passing feeling of sadness can occur in everyone and does not indicate a chronic issue, making it insufficient to define a mood disorder. Finally, a straightforward emotional response does not reflect the complexity and severity of the mood variations seen in mood disorders, which are more than simple, transient feelings. Thus, the accurate definition lies in recognizing the abnormal intensity and duration of mood disturbances, as noted in the chosen answer.