National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

Which hormone is released during times of stress and can lead to elevated blood sugar levels?

1. Insulin

2. Cortisol

3. Glucagon

4. Adrenaline

The correct answer is: Cortisol

Cortisol is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the body's response to stress. During stressful situations, the adrenal glands release cortisol, which is part of the body's natural "fight or flight" response. One of the primary functions of cortisol is to increase blood sugar levels by stimulating gluconeogenesis, the process in which the liver generates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. This increase in glucose availability provides immediate energy to muscles and other tissues that may need it during stress. In contrast, insulin functions to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells, while glucagon also acts to increase blood sugar but through different mechanisms. Adrenaline similarly elevates blood sugar during stress, but cortisol has a more prolonged effect, particularly in managing stress over time. The role of cortisol in chronic stress situations emphasizes its significance in maintaining energy balance and supporting the body's response to ongoing stressors.