National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

Which component of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for monitoring unconscious bodily functions such as heart rate and digestion?

1. Sympathetic Nervous System

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System

3. Central Nervous System

4. Autonomic Nervous System

The correct answer is: Parasympathetic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System is the correct answer because it encompasses the components that regulate involuntary physiological processes, including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. This system operates largely unconsciously, allowing bodily functions to occur automatically without the need for voluntary control. It indeed has two main subdivisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system primarily prepares the body for stressful or emergency situations, often referred to as the “fight or flight” response. It increases heart rate and redirects blood flow to vital organs, but its role is not focused on monitoring unconscious bodily functions at rest. The parasympathetic nervous system, in contrast, is responsible for promoting the "rest and digest" functions of the body, working to slow the heart rate and facilitate digestion. While it contributes to the unconscious regulation of some bodily functions, the overall monitoring and control of these processes are collectively handled by the Autonomic Nervous System. The central nervous system, which includes the brain and spinal cord, primarily processes sensory information and coordinates responses but does not directly monitor unconscious bodily functions like heart rate and digestion. Therefore, the Autonomic Nervous System is the most accurate descriptor for the system responsible for these involuntary functions.