National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

What type of autonomic system decreases heart rate and breathing when activated?

1. Sympathetic Nervous System

2. Parasympathetic Nervous System

3. Somatic Nervous System

4. Cognitive Nervous System

The correct answer is: Parasympathetic Nervous System

The correct choice is indeed the Parasympathetic Nervous System, as it plays a crucial role in promoting a state of calm and relaxation in the body. When activated, this system helps to slow down the heart rate and decrease the rate of breathing. This is often referred to as the "rest and digest" state, where the body's energy is conserved and vital functions that promote relaxation and recovery are prioritized. This system operates through various neurotransmitters, primarily acetylcholine, which acts on the heart to decrease its rate and on the lungs to slow breathing. The activation of the parasympathetic nervous system counters the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the "fight or flight" response and tends to increase heart rate and breathing to prepare the body for action. Understanding this balance between the two systems is crucial for addiction counselors, as stress and anxiety can lead to substance use while relaxation can promote recovery and well-being.