National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

What term describes the process of reinforcing behavior through the consequences that follow?

1. Conditioned Stimulus

2. Operant Conditioning

3. Classical Conditioning

4. Unconditioned Response

The correct answer is: Operant Conditioning

The process of reinforcing behavior through the consequences that follow is best described by the concept of operant conditioning. This psychological principle was developed by B.F. Skinner and emphasizes how behaviors are shaped by their consequences. In operant conditioning, behaviors followed by positive consequences (rewards) are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by negative consequences (punishments) are less likely. The focus is on the relationship between behavior and the outcomes that result from it, which helps in modifying behavior over time. This makes operant conditioning particularly relevant in addiction counseling, as it aids in understanding how certain rewards or consequences can influence an individual's choices and behaviors related to substance use. Other terms presented do not describe this process accurately. Conditioned stimulus refers to a concept from classical conditioning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus, while classical conditioning itself involves learning through association rather than consequence. Unconditioned response pertains to a natural response to a stimulus that does not require prior learning. Each of these concepts is significant but does not directly relate to the reinforcement of behavior via consequences, as operant conditioning does.