National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

1. To facilitate the entry of psychoactive substances

2. To prevent certain chemicals from reaching the brain

3. To enhance neurotransmitter activity

4. To regulate blood flow to the brain

The correct answer is: To prevent certain chemicals from reaching the brain

The blood-brain barrier serves the essential function of preventing certain chemicals, pathogens, and toxins from entering the brain tissue from the bloodstream. This selective permeability is critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) by allowing necessary nutrients to pass while blocking potentially harmful substances. The design of the blood-brain barrier incorporates tightly sealed endothelial cells that form the walls of the brain's capillaries, effectively limiting the diffusion of various molecules. By doing so, it plays an integral role in protecting the brain from fluctuations in blood composition that could disrupt neuronal function or lead to inflammatory responses. This selective barrier is crucial for neurological health, as it helps to protect the brain from infectious agents and certain drugs that could interfere with brain function. Without this protective mechanism, the brain would be vulnerable to potentially damaging influences from blood circulation.