National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

What does Campral target in the brain to minimize withdrawal cravings?

1. Dopamine pathways

2. GABA and glutamine pathways

3. Serotonin levels

4. Norepinephrine receptors

The correct answer is: GABA and glutamine pathways

Campral, or acamprosate, primarily targets the GABA and glutamate pathways in the brain, which play crucial roles in maintaining neuronal balance and stability. Alcohol addiction often disrupts the normal functioning of these neurotransmitter systems. When an individual stops drinking, the sudden absence of alcohol can lead to an imbalance, causing withdrawal symptoms and cravings due to hyperactivity of the glutamate system and hypoactivity of the GABA system. By modulating these neurotransmitters, Campral helps to restore the balance in the brain's signaling. It enhances the inhibitory effects of GABA and diminishes the excitatory effects of glutamate, which can significantly reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Thus, its effectiveness in minimizing cravings post-abstinence is directly linked to its action on these critical pathways, making option B the most accurate choice.