National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

What are the effects of sedative-hypnotics on an individual?

1. Increased alertness and energy

2. Relaxation and the induction of sleep

3. Stimulation of appetite

4. Hallucinations and altered perceptions

The correct answer is: Relaxation and the induction of sleep

Sedative-hypnotics are a class of drugs that primarily function to induce a calming effect on the central nervous system. Their main therapeutic use is to promote relaxation and facilitate sleep, which aligns perfectly with the choice indicating relaxation and the induction of sleep. These substances work by enhancing the effects of neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, leading to decreased anxiety and increased drowsiness. Individuals using sedative-hypnotics typically experience reduced levels of arousal and anxiety, making it easier to transition into a state of sleep. This makes them valuable in treating various sleep disorders or anxiety-related conditions. In contrast, the other options represent effects that are inconsistent with the known pharmacological actions of sedative-hypnotics. For instance, increased alertness and energy contradict the primary sedative effects, while stimulation of appetite and hallucinations aren’t characteristic outcomes of these substances, typically associated with other drug classes. Understanding these pharmacological characteristics is crucial for effective counseling and treatment planning in addiction counseling.