National Certified Addiction Counselor, Level 2 (NCAC II) Practice Exam Exam

What are central nervous system depressants primarily known for affecting?

1. Enhancing alertness and cognitive function

2. Producing specific physiological responses only

3. General and nonspecific depression of basic physiological functions

4. Increasing heart rate and motor coordination

The correct answer is: General and nonspecific depression of basic physiological functions

Central nervous system depressants are primarily known for producing a general and nonspecific depression of basic physiological functions. This category of substances, which includes alcohol, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates, works by inhibiting the activity of the central nervous system. As a result, they lead to a reduction in arousal levels, relaxation, sedation, and a slowdown of various bodily functions. The overall effect of these substances is to decrease alertness, impair cognitive functioning, and slow down heart rate and respiration. This can lead to feelings of drowsiness, reduced anxiety, and muscle relaxation. Because of their ability to broadly suppress central nervous system activity, they can affect multiple functions such as motor skills, field of awareness, and even processes crucial for survival, like breathing, when taken in excess. In contrast, enhancing alertness and cognitive function is characteristic of stimulants, not depressants. Producing specific physiological responses only does not adequately capture the broad effects of depressants, which are more varied and nonspecific. Lastly, increasing heart rate and motor coordination is associated with stimulants as well, as they typically promote heightened physiological responses rather than suppressing them.